Madison River
The Madison River is one of the most celebrated trout streams in North America. Born from the confluence of the Firehole and Gibbon rivers in Yellowstone National Park, it flows 140 miles through broad valleys and dramatic canyons before joining the Jefferson and Gallatin to form the Missouri River at Three Forks.
Current Conditions
Typical Monthly Flows
Historical median discharge (CFS) by month — Madison River
Overview
The Madison River defines world-class trout fishing. From its headwaters inside Yellowstone National Park to its confluence at Three Forks, the Madison offers diverse water types that hold enormous populations of wild rainbow and brown trout.
The upper Madison between Quake Lake and Ennis Lake is the most famous stretch — miles of wide, braided riffles perfect for wading. This is classic dry-fly water where you can sight-cast to rising fish during prolific hatches of caddis, PMDs, and the legendary salmonfly hatch in late June.
Below Ennis Lake, the lower Madison pushes through Bear Trap Canyon, a rugged Class IV whitewater section that also holds trophy brown trout. Below the canyon, the river slows through agricultural land before reaching Three Forks.
The Madison fishes well nearly year-round. Winter nymphing with midges and small BWOs can produce exceptional days with little competition. Spring brings the mother of all hatches — the salmonfly migration that draws anglers worldwide. Summer offers consistent dry-fly action, and fall brings aggressive pre-spawn browns to streamers.
Species Present

Rainbow Trout
The rainbow trout is Montana's most widespread gamefish, prized for its aerial acrobatics and willingness to take dry flies. Native to Pacific drainages, rainbows have been stocked extensively and now thrive in most Montana rivers. They are typically identified by their pink lateral stripe, spotted tail, and silvery body.

Brown Trout
Brown trout are the wariest and most challenging trout species in Montana waters. Originally from Europe, browns have established self-sustaining populations throughout the state. They are recognized by their golden-brown coloration with dark spots surrounded by light halos. Browns grow larger than most other trout species and are famous for aggressive streamer takes.

Mountain Whitefish
Mountain whitefish are native to most Montana river systems and are often overlooked by anglers focused on trout. These fish readily take nymphs and small dry flies and can provide excellent sport, particularly in winter when trout fishing slows. Whitefish are easily identified by their small, downturned mouths and silvery, elongated bodies.
Hatch Chart
| Insect | Suggested Fly | Jan | Feb | Mar | Apr | May | Jun | Jul | Aug | Sep | Oct | Nov | Dec |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Blue-Winged Olive (Baetis) afternoon | Parachute Adams | ||||||||||||
Blue-Winged Olive (Baetis) afternoon | BWO Emerger | ||||||||||||
Mother's Day Caddis afternoon | Elk Hair Caddis | ||||||||||||
Salmonfly (Pteronarcys) all day | Norm Wood Special | ||||||||||||
Golden Stonefly all day | Stimulator | ||||||||||||
Pale Morning Dun morning | PMD Comparadun | ||||||||||||
Caddisflies (various) evening | Elk Hair Caddis | ||||||||||||
Midges morning | Zebra Midge |
Blue-Winged Olive (Baetis): Spring BWOs hatch on overcast days. Size 16-20.
Blue-Winged Olive (Baetis): Fall BWOs can be even better than spring. Size 18-20.
Mother's Day Caddis: Massive caddis emergence in early May. Size 14-16.
Salmonfly (Pteronarcys): The marquee hatch. Late June through early July. Size 4-8.
Golden Stonefly: Follows the salmonfly hatch. Size 6-10.
Pale Morning Dun: Prolific summer hatches. Size 14-18.
Caddisflies (various): Evening caddis flights throughout summer. Size 14-18.
Midges: Year-round, especially important in winter. Size 18-24.
Recommended Flies
Parachute Adams
Top PickEssential during PMD hatches
Best in summer
Elk Hair Caddis
Top PickExcellent during evening caddis
Best in summer
Stimulator
Top PickTop fly during salmonfly season
Best in summer
Chubby Chernobyl
Top PickGreat dry-dropper indicator
Best in summer
Norm Wood Special
Top PickTHE fly during the salmonfly hatch in late June
Best in summer
Pheasant Tail Nymph
Top PickYear-round producer
Best in spring
Pat's Rubber Legs
Top PickBest nymph on the Madison
Best in spring
Woolly Bugger
Top PickStrip along banks for big browns
Best in fall
Also Effective
Access Points & Boat Launches
Lyons Bridge FAS
Boat LaunchPopular float launch for the upper Madison. Concrete ramp, parking for trailers.
Varney Bridge FAS
Boat LaunchMajor access point for both floating and wading. Improved ramp and restrooms.
Eight Mile Ford
Wade AccessWalk-in wade access to productive riffles. Gravel parking area.
McAtee Bridge FAS
Boat LaunchDeveloped access with boat ramp. Popular take-out for Varney Bridge floats.
Ennis FAS
Boat LaunchTown-side access with parking, restrooms, and easy river access.
Regulations
Regulations
Season: Third Saturday in May through November 30 (extended catch-and-release Dec 1 — third Sat in May on select sections). Quake Lake to Lyons Bridge: artificial flies/lures only, catch-and-release for all trout. Lyons Bridge to Ennis Lake: artificial flies/lures only, 5 trout daily combined, only 1 brown over 18". Below Ennis Lake (Bear Trap Canyon): wilderness area, foot access only in some sections. Hoot-owl restrictions (fishing closes at 2 PM) may apply during summer heat. Check current FWP regulations at fwp.mt.gov for section-specific rules and emergency closures.
Always verify current regulations with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks before fishing.
Quick Facts
- Region
- Southwest Montana
- Best Seasons
- spring, summer, fall
- Species
- Rainbow Trout, Brown Trout, Mountain Whitefish
- USGS Gauge
- 06040000
Local Shops & Guides
Blue Ribbon Flies
West Yellowstone, MT
A legendary West Yellowstone fly shop founded by Craig Mathews. Known for Yellowstone-area flies, expert local knowledge, and pioneering conservation work on the Madison, Gallatin, Yellowstone, and Firehole rivers.
(406) 646-7642
Madison River Lodge
Cameron, MT
A full-service fly fishing lodge located on the banks of the Madison River near Ennis. Guided trips, comfortable lodging, and home-cooked meals in the heart of Madison Valley.
(406) 682-5200
Bozeman Angler
Bozeman, MT
Full-service fly shop in downtown Bozeman covering the Gallatin, Madison, Yellowstone, and Missouri rivers. Expert staff, guide service, and fly fishing classes.
(406) 587-9111
Ennis Cafe
Ennis, MT
The angler's breakfast spot in Ennis. Hearty meals before dawn launches and cold beer after long days on the Madison. A tradition for generations of fly fishers.
(406) 682-4442
Montana Troutfitters
Bozeman, MT
Premier guide service based in Bozeman offering float and wade trips on the Gallatin, Madison, Yellowstone, and Missouri rivers. Experienced guides, top-quality equipment.
(406) 587-4707