Southwest Montana

Madison River

The Madison River is one of the most celebrated trout streams in North America. Born from the confluence of the Firehole and Gibbon rivers in Yellowstone National Park, it flows 140 miles through broad valleys and dramatic canyons before joining the Jefferson and Gallatin to form the Missouri River at Three Forks.

Current Conditions

Typical Monthly Flows

Historical median discharge (CFS) by month — Madison River

1,090
Jan
1,020
Feb
1,070
Mar
1,130
Apr
1,520
May
2,325
Jun
1,490
Jul
1,260
Aug
1,245
Sep
1,180
Oct
1,250
Nov
1,080
Dec
Current monthHistorical medianSource: USGS

Overview

The Madison River defines world-class trout fishing. From its headwaters inside Yellowstone National Park to its confluence at Three Forks, the Madison offers diverse water types that hold enormous populations of wild rainbow and brown trout.

The upper Madison between Quake Lake and Ennis Lake is the most famous stretch — miles of wide, braided riffles perfect for wading. This is classic dry-fly water where you can sight-cast to rising fish during prolific hatches of caddis, PMDs, and the legendary salmonfly hatch in late June.

Below Ennis Lake, the lower Madison pushes through Bear Trap Canyon, a rugged Class IV whitewater section that also holds trophy brown trout. Below the canyon, the river slows through agricultural land before reaching Three Forks.

The Madison fishes well nearly year-round. Winter nymphing with midges and small BWOs can produce exceptional days with little competition. Spring brings the mother of all hatches — the salmonfly migration that draws anglers worldwide. Summer offers consistent dry-fly action, and fall brings aggressive pre-spawn browns to streamers.

Species Present

Rainbow Trout

Rainbow Trout

The rainbow trout is Montana's most widespread gamefish, prized for its aerial acrobatics and willingness to take dry flies. Native to Pacific drainages, rainbows have been stocked extensively and now thrive in most Montana rivers. They are typically identified by their pink lateral stripe, spotted tail, and silvery body.

Brown Trout

Brown Trout

Brown trout are the wariest and most challenging trout species in Montana waters. Originally from Europe, browns have established self-sustaining populations throughout the state. They are recognized by their golden-brown coloration with dark spots surrounded by light halos. Browns grow larger than most other trout species and are famous for aggressive streamer takes.

Mountain Whitefish

Mountain Whitefish

Mountain whitefish are native to most Montana river systems and are often overlooked by anglers focused on trout. These fish readily take nymphs and small dry flies and can provide excellent sport, particularly in winter when trout fishing slows. Whitefish are easily identified by their small, downturned mouths and silvery, elongated bodies.

Hatch Chart

InsectSuggested FlyJanFebMarAprMayJunJulAugSepOctNovDec
Blue-Winged Olive (Baetis)
afternoon
Parachute Adams
Blue-Winged Olive (Baetis)
afternoon
BWO Emerger
Mother's Day Caddis
afternoon
Elk Hair Caddis
Salmonfly (Pteronarcys)
all day
Norm Wood Special
Golden Stonefly
all day
Stimulator
Pale Morning Dun
morning
PMD Comparadun
Caddisflies (various)
evening
Elk Hair Caddis
Midges
morning
Zebra Midge

Blue-Winged Olive (Baetis): Spring BWOs hatch on overcast days. Size 16-20.

Blue-Winged Olive (Baetis): Fall BWOs can be even better than spring. Size 18-20.

Mother's Day Caddis: Massive caddis emergence in early May. Size 14-16.

Salmonfly (Pteronarcys): The marquee hatch. Late June through early July. Size 4-8.

Golden Stonefly: Follows the salmonfly hatch. Size 6-10.

Pale Morning Dun: Prolific summer hatches. Size 14-18.

Caddisflies (various): Evening caddis flights throughout summer. Size 14-18.

Midges: Year-round, especially important in winter. Size 18-24.

Recommended Flies

Access Points & Boat Launches

Lyons Bridge FAS

Boat Launch

Popular float launch for the upper Madison. Concrete ramp, parking for trailers.

Map

Varney Bridge FAS

Boat Launch

Major access point for both floating and wading. Improved ramp and restrooms.

Map

Eight Mile Ford

Wade Access

Walk-in wade access to productive riffles. Gravel parking area.

Map

McAtee Bridge FAS

Boat Launch

Developed access with boat ramp. Popular take-out for Varney Bridge floats.

Map

Ennis FAS

Boat Launch

Town-side access with parking, restrooms, and easy river access.

Map

Regulations

Regulations

Season: Third Saturday in May through November 30 (extended catch-and-release Dec 1 — third Sat in May on select sections). Quake Lake to Lyons Bridge: artificial flies/lures only, catch-and-release for all trout. Lyons Bridge to Ennis Lake: artificial flies/lures only, 5 trout daily combined, only 1 brown over 18". Below Ennis Lake (Bear Trap Canyon): wilderness area, foot access only in some sections. Hoot-owl restrictions (fishing closes at 2 PM) may apply during summer heat. Check current FWP regulations at fwp.mt.gov for section-specific rules and emergency closures.

Always verify current regulations with Montana Fish, Wildlife & Parks before fishing.